Gendered Consequences of Operation Zarb-e-Azb: Exploring the Socioeconomic and Psychological Impact on Women in Conflict-Affected Areas

Abstract

This study examines the gendered consequences of Operation Zarb-e-Azb, focusing on the socioeconomic and psychological impacts on women in conflict-affected areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and former FATA regions of Pakistan. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative survey data (n=200) with qualitative in-depth interviews (n=30) to capture the multidimensional experiences of women affected by displacement, economic disruption, and social marginalization. The findings reveal that women faced disproportionate challenges including loss of livelihoods, restricted mobility, increased unpaid care work, and severe psychological distress such as anxiety, trauma, and depression. The study highlights how pre-existing gender inequalities intensified the effects of conflict and displacement. It concludes with policy recommendations for gender-sensitive rehabilitation and inclusive development frameworks.