Understanding the Causes and Impacts of Gender Discrimination Against Women in Quetta City

Abstract

Gender discrimination remains a persistent socio-cultural and structural challenge in Pakistan, particularly in urban centers like Quetta where traditional norms intersect with evolving socio-economic dynamics. This study aims to examine the underlying causes and impacts of gender discrimination against women in Quetta City. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative survey data with qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions. A stratified sample of women from diverse socio-economic backgrounds was selected to capture variations in experiences across education, employment, and household settings. The findings reveal that gender discrimination in Quetta is primarily driven by deeply rooted patriarchal norms, limited access to education, economic dependency, and weak institutional enforcement of legal protections. Cultural practices and social expectations continue to restrict women’s mobility, decision-making power, and participation in public life. Additionally, the study highlights the role of informal power structures and lack of awareness regarding women’s rights as significant contributing factors. The impacts of gender discrimination are multidimensional, affecting women’s educational attainment, economic opportunities, mental health, and overall well-being. Many respondents reported limited access to employment and healthcare services, as well as exposure to psychological stress and social exclusion. The study also finds that discrimination not only hinders individual empowerment but also constrains broader socio-economic development in the region. The research concludes that addressing gender discrimination in Quetta requires a comprehensive approach involving policy reforms, community engagement, educational initiatives, and strengthened institutional mechanisms. Promoting gender awareness, enhancing women’s access to resources, and ensuring effective implementation of laws are essential for fostering a more inclusive and equitable society.