GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN: CULTURAL, LEGAL, AND POLICY RESPONSES

Abstract

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pressing issue in Pakistan, deeply rooted in institutions, laws, and culture. Despite legislative efforts, honor killings, domestic abuse, and other forms of GBV continue to pose significant challenges. This paper seeks to examine Pakistan's approach to GBV from cultural, legal, and governmental standpoints, and provide recommendations for improvement. The research employs a mixed-methods strategy, incorporating qualitative interviews with 20 women from different regions (Sindh, KPK, Punjab, and Balochistan) and secondary data analysis from national databases, government records, and NGO reports. It sheds light on cultural norms that tolerate violence, underreporting of GBV, and inadequate law enforcement. It underscores the importance of comprehensive legislative changes, improved enforcement strategies, and community-based initiatives to support victims and combat GBV. The findings indicate a gap between legislative advancements and enforcement deficiencies, as well as existing cultural barriers inhibiting justice. The study suggests dismantling entrenched structures that perpetuate violence against women, reassessing current laws, and addressing discriminatory attitudes. This information is intended to assist scholars, activists, and policymakers in creating a fairer and more just society.