The Colonial Blueprint of Policing and Its Impact on Institutional Violence against Women: Pakistan’s Struggle and South Korea’s Reform Experience

Abstract

The study examines the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP)'s role in perpetuating institutional authoritarianism, gender bias, and public mistrust under the 1861 Police Act. It aims to identify structural issues hindering democratic reform and propose solutions to align the PSP with contemporary policing norms. The research, based on qualitative interviews with victims, legislators, and police officers, highlights a "us versus them" mentality and institutional indifference, especially towards women. It compares Pakistan's stagnation with South Korea's successful reform. The primary findings indicate resistance to change, political interference, and a lack of control. Some alternatives include decolonising the police force, implementing gender-sensitive practices, and modernising hiring and training practices to align with public service values and diversity. The proposals underscore the importance of unbiased monitoring bodies, community engagement programs, and legislation prioritising human rights and the protection of marginalised communities. In summary, the paper highlights the pressing need for a people-centered, accountable, and democratic police paradigm in Pakistan in order to restore public trust and provide equitable justice.