Assessment of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hemorrhoids among Patients Attending Abu Ali Sina Balkhi Regional Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Hemorrhoids are among the most common anorectal diseases, caused by the dilation and inflammation of venous vessels in the anal and rectal region. This condition may lead to pain, bleeding, itching, and a reduction in patients’ quality of life. The present study was designed to assess the prevalence and identify the associated risk factors of hemorrhoids among patients attending Abu Ali Sina Balkhi Regional Teaching Hospital. This descriptive–analytical study was conducted on 80 patients, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire and review of medical records. The collected information included demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, occupational conditions, and duration of sitting. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Chi-square (χ²) tests, and regression analysis to determine the association between risk factors and the prevalence of the disease.

The results showed that 57.5% of the patients were diagnosed with hemorrhoids, with the highest prevalence observed in the 30–39-year age group. The prevalence of the disease was nearly similar in males and females, and statistical analysis indicated that gender and age group had no significant association with the occurrence of hemorrhoids. In contrast, chronic constipation, low physical activity, and a low-fiber diet were significantly associated with the prevalence of hemorrhoids. Occupational conditions and prolonged sitting were also identified as contributing factors, although the association did not reach statistical significance. These findings emphasize that hemorrhoids is a multifactorial disease in which unhealthy lifestyle, chronic constipation, and poor dietary habits play major roles in its prevalence.

Based on the findings, lifestyle modification—including increased dietary fiber intake, prevention of constipation, and regular physical activity—may help reduce the prevalence and complications of hemorrhoids. Furthermore, patient education and counseling aimed at reducing prolonged sitting and improving dietary habits are of considerable importance. This study may provide a scientific basis for the development of preventive, educational, and management programs in healthcare centers and for health policy planning in northern Afghanistan, and it may serve as a valuable reference for future research on the management of anorectal diseases.