A Study Of Incidence Of Cholelithiasis And Associated Risk Factors In Females

Abstract

Cholelithiasis is a common digestive disorder affecting a significant proportion of the population, particularly women. Changes in lifestyle, diet, and hormonal factors have influenced its epidemiology over time.

To determine the progression of cholelithiasis in women and to analyze demographic characteristics, etiological factors, and clinical manifestations associated with the disease. This descriptive cross-sectional study included both symptomatic and asymptomatic female patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis. Diagnosis was confirmed using ultrasonography. A total of 110 participants were enrolled in the study.

The most commonly affected age group was 35–44 years. More than half of the patients (58.69%) had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25. Abdominal discomfort was the most frequently reported symptom among all patients. Jaundice was present in 16 patients (14.13%). High HDL cholesterol levels were observed in 76.3% of patients. Mixed gallstones were the most commonly identified type. Use of contraceptives was reported by 58.09% of patients. Approximately 43.48% of patients consumed a vegetarian diet and demonstrated lower cholesterol levels. Cholelithiasis is commonly presents with abdominal discomfort and dyspepsia in women during their fourth and fifth decades of life. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the preferred surgical treatment due to its lower risk profile and better outcomes.