Reassessing The Transatlantic Partnership: Europe’s Strategic Dilemma In An Evolving Global Order

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17796253

Abstract

The shifting dynamics of the global order have reignited vital debates about Europe’s enduring security alliance with the United States. This study explores whether Europe should reassess the foundations of its transatlantic partnership in light of emerging multi-polarity, the evolution of Eurasian institutions, and the growing uncertainty surrounding U.S. strategic commitments. Using an integrated theoretical approach that merges Realism, Liberal Institutionalism, and Constructivism, the research analyzes the structural, institutional, and ideational factors shaping Europe’s strategic dependence. Rooted in the post–World War II security framework, the transatlantic relationship has gradually evolved from a system of collective defense into one of asymmetric reliance, where Europe continues to depend heavily on Washington for defense, intelligence, and deterrence.

Drawing on historical precedents, policy documents, and scholarly evaluations, the study finds that although Europe has strengthened its economic and diplomatic standing, its path toward strategic autonomy remains limited by internal divisions and technological vulnerabilities. Contemporary developments, such as the 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit in Tianjin, the revival of Trump’s “America First” doctrine, and the European Union’s internal discourse on “Strategic Sovereignty” underscore the increasing complexity of Europe’s geopolitical landscape. The analysis suggests that Europe’s challenge lies not in choosing between alliance and independence, but in redefining its transatlantic relationship through a framework of “responsible autonomy.”

Ultimately, the paper argues that Europe must transition from a security-dependent partner to a self-reliant and normatively engaged global actor. Achieving this requires deeper defense integration, diversification of global partnerships, and a recalibration of Europe’s strategic identity to meet the demands of an evolving global environment. Through its combination of historical inquiry and theoretical insight, this research enriches academic discussions on transatlantic relations and proposes a forward-looking perspective on Europe’s strategic and security trajectory in the 21st century.