Exploring the Role of Antioxidants in Protecting and Maintaining Overall Cellular Health

Abstract

People are really interested in learning how oxidative and nitrosative stress connects to different diseases. Oxidative and nitrosative stress happens when there's an imbalance between harmful chemicals like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the body's ability to fight them off. This review is meant to share the latest information about how antioxidants help the body deal with oxidative and nitrosative stress. This information is useful for biochemists, pathophysiologists, and health professionals. Lipid peroxidation products are often used to show the damage from oxidative and nitrosative stress. This process makes different stable compounds, such as aldehydes like malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, acrolein, and isoprostanes. These compounds can be found in blood and urine and are used to show how much oxidative and nitrosative stress is happening in the body. Antioxidants can come from food or be made by the body. They help reduce oxidative and nitrosative stress or its effects in different ways, such as by stopping free radicals or helping the body's natural defenses. A lack of antioxidants can happen because someone isn't eating enough, their body isn't making enough, or they're using up antioxidants faster than they can be replaced. Taking antioxidants as supplements is becoming more popular to help keep the body healthy. However, antioxidants can sometimes act as harmful substances depending on the situation. The amount used and the redox environment inside cells are especially important in how they work.

Keywords: Reactive Oxygen, Reactive Nitrogen Species, Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress, And Antioxidants