Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Advanced Solutions in Water Purification, Energy Storage, and Environmental Remediation: A Review

Abstract

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of highly porous materials composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands, forming a three-dimensional network. These materials are distinguished by their high surface area, tunable porosity, and chemical versatility, making them ideal candidates for various applications, particularly in the fields of water purification, energy storage, and environmental remediation. In water purification, MOFs have demonstrated excellent potential in adsorbing heavy metals, organic pollutants, and salts from contaminated water. In energy storage, they have been explored for enhancing the performance of lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage systems. Moreover, MOFs play a crucial role in environmental remediation by capturing harmful gases such as CO2, NOx, and SOx, as well as degrading organic pollutants through photocatalytic processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in MOF-based technologies in these areas. The methodology includes an extensive literature review, analysis of key case studies, and discussion of the challenges and future directions for the development and commercialization of MOF-based solutions.

Keywords: Metal-Organic Frameworks, water purification, energy storage, environmental remediation, gas capture.