Antimicrobial Activity of Salivary Normal Flora against Bacteria Isolated from Periodontitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63075/0eejva11Abstract
Microbes are ubiquitous, typically undetectable, and present in large quantities on both living and inanimate items. Some microorganisms are helpful to humans, even as others are harmful. The teeth, gingival sulcus, tongue, hard and soft palates, and tonsils are among the several habitats found in the human oral cavity. The human body is protected from unwanted effects by the interaction of various oral bacteria. Severe infection disorders like periodontitis can also occur as a result of an imbalance in the mouth cavity's natural flora. A gradual breakdown of the tissues supporting the tooth is a characteristic of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the gums. The aim of the current investigation was to ascertain the salivary normal flora's antimicrobial efficacy against periodontitis-related bacteria. The study was carried out at the Microbiology Research Laboratory (MRL), Abasyn University, Peshawar, samples were taken from Khyber Dental Hospital, Peshawar. The swab approach technique was used; 20 clinical samples were taken from individuals with periodontitis for this investigation. The identified bacteria that were responsible for the infection were Escherichia coli, Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp. For, the normal flora isolation, two healthy male and two healthy female volunteers' saliva were used. Two male samples were diagnosed with Lactobacillus spp whereas two female samples had Streptococcus spp identified as normal flora. Samples of normal flora and periodontitis were identified using Gram staining and several biochemical testing. Nutrient broth media was used to extract secondary metabolites from bacteria isolated from oral normal flora. The flasks were incubated at 37 °C with constant shaking at 120 rpm for 3 days. After incubation, centrifugation was performed to collect the cell-free supernatant, Ethyl acetate was added to extract the organic phase. The organic phase was evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator to yield ethyl acetate extracts. The agar well diffusion technique was used to assess the antibacterial activity of salivary normal. The maximum zone of inhibition of salivary normal flora was observed against Escherichia coli followed by Actinomyces spp. and lastly Streptococcus spp. Among normal flora Streptococcus spp. showed strong zone of inhibition followed by Lactobacillus spp.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Activity, Normal Flora, Periodontitis
