Renewable Energy Transition in Pakistan: Policy Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

Pakistan is confronted with acute energy challenges, such as persistent shortages, significant dependency on hydrocarbon imports and increasing environmental concerns. This article looks at Pakistan’s move toward renewable energy, providing an analysis of policy frameworks as well as implementation barriers and opportunities for sustainable development. By analyzing the policies of the government, its international collaborations and developments in the sector, this study identifies the major constraints such as lack of a grid, lack of financing, lack of regulations and lack of capacity to handle the institutions. But there are also opportunities, as the country possess vast solar and wind resources, international climate finance, technological developments and increasing interest from the private sector. The paper suggests that policy coherence, favorable regulatory frameworks, grid infrastructure, and public–private collaboration be strengthened in the country to expedite Pakistan's journey toward sustainable energy systems which are consistent with SDG 7.