یاک ڈریڈا اور رد تشکیل : تنقیدی مطالعہ

Abstract

Jacques Derrida is a Famous French Philosopher , thinker , and critic, who holds a prominent position in western Circles. Since 1972, Derrida has Regularly lectured at YALE and JOHN HOPKINS universities in the united states. It was here that his theory of Deconstruction became popular under the name YALE-Deconstruction . Derrida discovered a new relationship between philosophy and literature through deconstruction . Since the fundamental basis of derrida,s thought has been the phenomenology of HUSSERL and HEIDEGGER , we find discussion on the theoretical aspects of these two philosophers in much of his work , In addition to HEIDEGGER , there are philosophers like PLATO, ROUSSEAU, NIETZSCHE,etc As well as modern interpretations of KAFKA, JAMES JOYCE, and SHAKESPEARE. DERRIDA is known for his theory of  Deconstruction . Deconstruction has emerged as a controversial thought in contemporary western philosophical debates due to its precious system . Although Derrida and deconstruction have emerged as two names for more or less the same thing, Derrida has also presented a new angle of literary critism along with a modern reading of the tradition of western philosophy , It is unfair to call all of his work simply DECONSTRUCTIONISM . In addition it is important to understand deconstructionism or Derrida in the context of contemporary intellectual movements, in cluding  structuralism , phenomology and poststructuralism , which Derrida discussed in his own unique way. This article briefly explains the critical theories of Jacques Derrida and deconstruction. Deconstruction refers to a method of studying a text through which not only the fixed meaning of the text can be rejected, but also its unity of meaning can be broken . Deconstruction is generally called a part of post_ Structuralism because it is based on the concepts of SAUSSURE, which are presented in structuralism . Derrida presented his critical theories in three of his books , 1. OF GRAMMATOLOGY,2. WRITING AND DIFFERENCE, 3. SPEECH AND PHINOMENA he has dispelled some of the basic assumptions of Ancient philosophy. Derrida has analyzed the philosophical statements of PLATO,  Rousseau , Hegal and Heidegger and has explain that all those intellectual efforts that try to give a strong basis for meaning  to metaphysical concepts have been described . Derrida,s methods is that it reverses the previously determined order of meaning. Derrida claims that the very structure of the metaphorical and figurative system of Language in such that it provides a semantic basis for concepts in philosophy . Derrida calls the deconstructive method a double reading , That is in one reading he discusses the meanings that are usually implied by the text , and in the second reading he mentions the meanings and deconstructive meanings in view. Another important book on deconstruction is by CHRISTOPHER NORRIS. Derrida argues that meaning and knowledge are concepts ,that are based on differences and contradiction . It knowledge at all . Rather, deconstruction explains the Power and authority behind rhetorical concepts that determine meanings and are also strictly binding.