Efficient Cryptography Technique for Privacy and Security of Blockchain-based Transactions: A ComprehensivePerformance and Security Perspective

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19484529

Abstract

As network technologies keep evolving, cryptographic protocols are undergoing a wide array of security threats, which are becoming more complicated and challenging to deal with. As a solution, it suggests the aspects of decentralization, traceability, programmability, and immutability. The blockchain technology is capable of handling the credibility, the speed of processing, and the assurance of the security and integrity of the information storage in the standard cryptography protocols. This paper explores the current studies on the use of blockchain technology in cryptographic protocols. To begin with, the history of blockchain studies on cryptographic protocols and the corresponding fundamental knowledge is provided in this manuscript. Secondly, we discuss the most significant issues of the conventional cryptographic protocols with special reference to security and performance. Thirdly, the latest research on blockchain about authentication protocols, authentication and key agreement protocols and e-commerce protocols are presented in the primary category of cryptography protocols. Finally, the conclusions about the research directions of blockchain technology in cryptographic protocols are made based on the available research and the trend of further development is also estimated. This literature review is focused on cryptographic methods and specifically their applicability, importance, contribution and the strengths of the discipline. Such algorithms are DES, 3DES, AES, Blowfish, two-fish, RC4, one-time pad, RSA, ECC, Diffie-Hellman, MD5, and SHA-256. To study the efficiency of these algorithms, a comparative study was conducted according to such significant factors as security, secrecy, and integrity. It also evaluates weaknesses and future attacks of each of the identified algorithms and highlights the existing approaches and gaps in future research. The paper is quite enlightening in introducing the advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms based on secrecy, integrity and security using a detailed drawing that summarizes the outcome of the performance in the three areas secrecy, integrity and security. Moreover, the issues of any algorithm are mentioned in the review as it gives a reader a clear idea of what limitations the research has and what can be researched in the future. The high rate of digital systems expansion has greatly enhanced the use of cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain technologies, and smart data-driven applications. The paper also gives a summary of an existing body of work on blockchain-based security systems, cryptographic algorithms, cloud and Internet of Things security schemes, and smart threat detection systems and summarizes the published works conducted in the past several years, how cryptography, blockchain, cloud computing, IoT, and data-driven intelligence can be integrated into one security framework. The findings reveal a unique shift to disaggregated security solutions as multi-layered systems with blockchain immutability, cryptographic assurance, decentralized trust, and intelligent analytics and also identifies the key trends, comparative advantages, weaknesses, and unsolved research issues and provides a systematic platform on how to build next-generation secure systems to support the implementation of digital transactions, healthcare, smart environments, cloud platforms, and critical infrastructure.