Assessing Patterns, Reasons, and Adverse Experiences of NSAIDs Usage among Residents of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used for their analgesic, Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory Properties. However, their misuse and associated adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular complications pose significant public health concerns.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the patterns, reasons and adverse experiences of NSAIDs usage among residents of Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to 420 residents of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Vehari with 400 responses analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.

Results: Results showed that 51% of participants used NSAIDs occasionally while 9.8% used them daily. Self-medication was prevalent (42.8%), with headache (37.5%) and fever (28.2%) being the primary reason for use. Ibuprofen (30.3%) and aspirin (19%) were the most preferred NSAIDs. Despite widespread use 71%reported no side effects, though 29% experienced adverse effects, primarily gastrointestinal issues (14.5%). Awareness of potential side effects was moderate (56%) with 58.3% recognizing risks of long-term use. Notably, 92.8% advocated for increased public awareness about safe NSAID practice.

Conclusion: The study highlighted the widespread NSAID use, high self-medication rates and limited awareness of adverse effects in Southern Punjab. Targeted interventions including healthcare provider education and public awareness programs are recommended to promote rational NSAID use and mitigate risks.