Maternal and Infant Mortality and The Role of Nurses: Global Overview and Focus on Pakistan, Sindh, and Karachi. A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66021/Keywords:
Maternal Mortality; Infant Mortality; Neonatal Mortality; Pakistan; Sindh; Karachi; Nurses; Midwives; Antenatal Care; Skilled Birth Attendance; SDGsAbstract
Background: The number of mothers and babies who die is still a problem. It shows how well a countrys health system is working and if everyone has access to care. Even though the number of deaths has gone down in the few years it is still not good enough. Most of these deaths happen in countries. Pakistan is one of these countries where a lot of mothers and babies die. There are differences in how many people die in different parts of the country and between cities and rural areas. Sindh, including Karachi needs attention because people there have a hard time getting help when they need it the care is not good and they are poor.
Objective: This study looks at what's happening with mothers and babies dying around the world and in Pakistan especially in Sindh and Karachi. It also looks at how nurses and midwives can help reduce the number of deaths.
Methods: We did a review of all the information we could find. We looked at surveys global estimates, peer-reviewed studies and reports from big organizations like WHO, UNICEF and the Government of Sindh. We organized all the information into categories like how many people're dying, why they are dying, what is stopping people from getting help and what nurses and midwives can do to help.
Results: A survey in Pakistan found that in 2019 186 mothers died for every 100,000 babies born. In Sindh it was even higher 224 mothers died for every 100,000 babies born. Another survey found that 62 babies died for every 1,000 born and 42 newborns died for every 1,000 born. The main reasons for these deaths are bleeding after birth, high blood pressure, infection, unsafe abortion babies being born early birth asphyxia, newborn infection, pneumonia, diarrhea, poor nutrition and delays in getting care. Nurses and midwives play a role in taking care of mothers and babies before during and after birth. They help with check-ups delivering babies, emergency care, vaccinations, breastfeeding, teaching people, about health and following up with mothers and babies after they go home.
