Prevalence of Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OAB) among Individuals and its Prevention through Improved Strategies, a Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66021/Keywords:
Overactive Bladder (OAB), Urinary Urgency, Urinary Frequency, Nocturia, Urgency Urinary Incontinence, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus.Abstract
Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic condition characterized by urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia, and urgency incontinence, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, OAB remains underdiagnosed and undertreated due to social stigma and lack of awareness.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) and its impact on patients' quality of life in Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), and Gujranwala, Punjab. The research also sought to explore demographic factors, risk associations, and the overall burden of OAB on daily living.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three healthcare facilities across Mirpur and Gujranwala. A structured questionnaire was administered to 323 participants aged 18 years and above. The questionnaire collected data on OAB symptoms, their bothersome nature, and their effects on quality of life. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, employing descriptive and inferential techniques to identify significant trends and associations.
Results: The prevalence of OAB symptoms was notably high, with 55.1% of participants reporting frequent daytime urination (15 or more times daily) and 43.7% experiencing nighttime urination twice or more. Females (63.8%) and individuals aged over 50 years (48.9%) reported the highest symptom burdens. OAB significantly disrupted daily life, leading to embarrassment, reduced social engagement, and impaired sleep. Conditions like diabetes, depression, and anxiety were strongly linked with OAB symptoms.
Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of overactive bladder in the regions studied, with significant negative impacts on quality of life. Females, older adults, and individuals with comorbid conditions such as diabetes and depression were particularly vulnerable. These findings highlighted the urgent need for increased awareness, targeted interventions, and improved management strategies to alleviate the burden of OAB and enhance patient well-being.
