Digital Modeling and Structural Simulation for Archaeological Site Preservation: Integrating Field Archaeology Data with Civil Engineering and Finite Element Analysis.

Abstract

The preservation of archaeological sites is increasingly challenged by environmental degradation, structural instability, and limitations in traditional conservation techniques. This study presents an integrated framework for digital modeling and structural simulation aimed at enhancing the preservation and management of archaeological heritage. Field data acquired through advanced techniques such as laser scanning, photogrammetry, and geospatial surveying are utilized to generate high-resolution three-dimensional representations of archaeological structures. These digital models are subsequently employed in civil engineering-based structural simulations using finite element analysis (FEM) to assess stress distribution, deformation behavior, and potential failure mechanisms under varying environmental and loading conditions. The proposed methodology enables the creation of a digital twin environment, facilitating the simulation of real-world scenarios, including seismic activity, soil-structure interaction, and long-term weathering effects. By combining archaeological data with engineering analysis, the framework provides a comprehensive understanding of structural vulnerabilities and supports evidence-based decision-making for conservation planning. The integration of multidisciplinary approaches not only improves the accuracy of structural assessments but also minimizes the need for invasive physical interventions, thereby preserving the authenticity of heritage sites. The results demonstrate that the application of digital modeling and simulation techniques significantly enhances the ability to predict deterioration patterns and optimize preservation strategies. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of emerging technologies in bridging the gap between archaeology and civil engineering, promoting sustainable and resilient conservation practices. This research contributes to the advancement of digital heritage methodologies and offers a scalable and non-destructive solution for safeguarding archaeological assets in diverse environmental contexts.