Civil–Military Dynamics and Pakistan’s Afghan Policy under PML-N (2013–2018)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63075/khbdhm97Keywords:
Pakistan–Afghanistan Relations; Pml-N Government (2013–2018); Afghan Foreign Policy; Ashraf Ghani; Civil–Military Relations; Counter-Terrorism Cooperation; Regional Security; South Asian Geopolitics; Durand Line;Abstract
This article discusses the foreign policy of the Afghan state under the spell of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz government after the general elections of 2013. This article discusses the Afghan Ghani government, the growth of Pakistan's political Gandhism, the Kosovo-911 diplomacy, the soft contacts, the civil- military Counter-Terrorism (CT) Cooperation 2013-2018, and the policy drawbacks. This section attempts to show how Policy PML-N (Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz) caused civil- military discord and structural subtle rivals to lose Pakistan's Afghan policy. This policy further dwarfed the global geopolitics and the domestic political asymmetries.
This article focuses on the policies regarding Afghanistan and other relations with the Afghan government and other parties under the government of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML N) after the 2013 general election. Reviewing the policies adopted by Pakistan and Afghanistan (both the Ghani government and the new Ashraf government) during the period of 2013-2018 and the bilateral/diverse diplomacy, the civil-military relations, mutual anti-terrorism policies, and other policies, and finally the policies to counter Pakistan-India rivalries, the article posits that there were Pakistan-India rivalries, civil-military relations, and other factors that placed structural boundaries on the policies of PML N regarding Afghanistan.
