Synthesis And Biomedical Applications Of Graphene Based Material: A Review

Abstract

Graphene-based materials have emerged as highly versatile platforms due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, enabling significant advancements in biomedical science. This review summarizes recent progress in the synthesis of graphene and its derivatives, covering both top-down and bottom-up strategies that allow precise control over structure, functionality, and biocompatibility. Key biomedical applications including drug delivery, biosensing, tissue engineering, wound healing, and antimicrobial activity are critically discussed with emphasis on how graphene’s unique electrical, mechanical, and surface characteristics enhance therapeutic performance. The review further highlights current challenges such as toxicity, stability, and clinical translation, offering insights into future prospects for safer and more effective graphene-based biomedical technologies.