User-Centric Adaptive Charging System: Enabling Personalized Charging in Electric Vehicle Chargers

Abstract

The future of energy is undoubtedly electric, with electric vehicles (EVs) becoming more common. This shift towards using more electricity is driving up demand. However, the increasing use of renewable energy sources, which depend on the weather, adds complexity and unpredictability to electricity production. Our current electricity grid is struggling to keep up, especially with the high energy demands of EVs during peak hours. To address this challenge, smart charging solutions are essential. Smart charging optimizes energy usage by adjusting when and how long EVs are charged. This not only supports sustainable energy sources but also reduces costs and maximizes the use of home-based renewable energy resources like solar panels. Various smart charging strategies include scheduled charging using Variable Rate Tariffs (VRT), charging to make the most of local solar power, and charging with Energy Demand Control (EDC) systems that adjust sessions in real time. IoT technology enhances the intelligence of EV charging stations, allowing for real-time data and control, which significantly improves user experience and energy management [1]. In Pakistan, a roadmap for home based smart charging has been proposed. It outlines three key steps: promoting regulated electricity consumption, maximizing solar power use, and enabling self-sufficient home energy systems. This plan supports Pakistan's goals for low carbon emissions and sustainable energy use by integrating EVs into decentralized energy grids. Analysis of available VRT tariffs has identified two promising options: the Short Peak Tariff, which offers low prices during off-peak hours, and the Daytime Plunge tariff, which provides low prices during late night and daytime hours. These align with peak solar power production and lower energy prices, making them ideal for smart charging.