An Efficient Learning Management System for Low-Bandwidth Networks: A Framework for Inclusive and Sustainable Digital Education

Abstract

Well-functioning Learning Management Systems (LMS) are still not available to everyone around the world due to the fact that many online LMS platforms are designed for high-bandwidth users while learners in low-bandwidth and rural locations are not well served. In this study, the authors propose a lightweight, low-bandwidth and low-latency LMS, called Education Access System (EAS), specifically designed to expand the equitable digital education in the context of a 2G/3G network. The project was developed in four phases: requirement analysis and mapping of stakeholders; data analysis and design of a layered system architecture; implementation with react, node.js, mongodb and optimized APIs; and evaluation with manual/automated testing and user acceptance testing with students. Simulated use of low bandwidth (100–500 kbps) validated EAS, and showed practical use: 95.8% of the participants reported better learning outcomes even if they interacted in the forum to a lower degree (12.5%). The results indicate that optimization of LMS can contribute to closing the digital divide and promote SDG 4 through mobile and offline accessible learning. The study ends with recommendations for deployment in a mobile-first environment, offline synchronization, and further collaborative adaptations for the future, to maximize reach and impact.