The Role of AI and Robotics in Understanding and Managing Climate Extremes

Abstract

Climate changes are significantly increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events i.e. floods, heatwaves, droughts, wildfires and tropical storms. All these events are posing serious threats to human societies, ecosystems and economic development. In response to these threats, AI and robotics have emerged as powerful technologies for climate monitoring, prediction and disaster preparedness. This review examines the application of AI and robotics in managing climate extremes, highlighting their contribution to weather forecasting, precision agriculture, disaster risk reduction, environmental monitoring and post-disaster recovery. It also highlights technological initiatives employed by leading countries and discusses opportunities and challenges linked with implementing intelligent climate solutions. The review shows that AI-powered technology significantly enhances the accuracy and speed of climate forecasting. The robotic system improves the operational efficiency and reduces human exposure during hazardous conditions. However, various barriers such as data quality, infrastructure, technical expertise and ethical governance limits widespread adoption especially in developing countries. The article concludes that incorporating robotics and AI into national climate adaptation policies can strengthen the resilience against disasters and support sustainable development in an era of accelerating climate change.