Psychological and Behavioral Correlates of Juvenile Delinquency in Balochistan, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study from Three Prisons

Abstract

Juvenile delinquency is a growing concern in Balochistan, Pakistan’s least developed province, yet empirical research on its psychological underpinnings remains scarce. This study investigates the behavioral and psychological factors associated with delinquent behavior among incarcerated juveniles. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 120 male juveniles (ages 12–18) housed in three prisons: Central Jail Lorelei, Central Jail Quetta, and Mach Jail. Data were collected through structured interviews assessing educational background, family environment, and self-reported offending. Results revealed that 75% of respondents admitted committing the offense for which they were charged. Furthermore, 28.7% were completely illiterate, and 70% reported parental discouragement regarding academic or social achievements as a significant factor in their delinquency. These findings highlight the role of low educational attainment and negative family influences over purely individual moral failings. We recommend that policymakers establish juvenile rehabilitation centers with integrated psychological counseling and non-formal education programs across Balochistan to address the rising rate of youth offending in the province.

Keywords: Juvenile delinquency; psychological factors; parental discouragement; illiteracy; Balochistan (Pakistan).