Iqbal and Modern Scientific Theories

Abstract

The era to which Iqbal belongs is the era of the scientific revolution. In this era, classical physics had begun to take a critical look at its own foundations and the idol of scientific materialism was beginning to collapse. Thus, the harmonies between physics and metaphysics began to be traced. Iqbal believed that science was not a rival of religion in reaching absolute reality, but an ally. He studied the modern scientific theories of his time with great interest. Thus, he was not only well aware of the theories of Einstein, Max Planck, Heisenberg, Whitehead and Oddington, but also had the ability to critically evaluate them. This research study has examined Iqbal's opinion on science and scientific methodology and the impact that scientific theories have had on his thoughts, as well as what are the limitations of science in his view and what are its social implications and how the gap between science and religion can be reduced.

Keywords: Iqbal, scientific revolution, classical physics, Scientific Materialism, Einstein, Max Planck, Heisenberg, Whitehead, Oddington, Scientific methodology, Scientific Theories.