Traditional Games in Ancient Art: A Study of Gandhāra’s Visual Legacy

Abstract

Abstract

Gandhāra, largely corresponding to the ancient Peshawar Valley, reflects a rich blend of cultural influences expressed through stone and stucco sculpture. Gandhāran art portrays not only religious and princely themes but also everyday social activities such as music, dance, and physical exercise, offering insight into the socio-economic and cultural life of the region. Many of these traditions have survived with minor changes and continue to shape the cultural practices of the Peshawar Valley. Traditional games such as Mukha (archery) and wrestling or Kabaddi are depicted in Gandhāran relief’s panels, highlighting the importance of physical strength and recreation in ancient society. Despite modifications over time, these games remain practiced today, demonstrating strong cultural continuity.

Key Words: Baggi Gandhara, Peshawar Valley, Mukha, Kabaddi, Parzawel, Ghurr Sawari Tangha