A Study of Maxwell Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid (BN TiO₂–Al₂O₃) with Blood as Carrier for Enhanced Thermal Transport in Biomedical Porous Systems under Magnetic Field and Suction

Abstract

The research focuses on the parameters of flow and heat transfer of a Maxwell ternary hybrid nanofluid containing BN, TiO 2, and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles suspended in blood. The evaluation is done on an extended surface that is inside a porous biological matrix. The ternary hybrid nanofluid is taken as non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid in order to reflect the viscoelastic nature of blood, which plays an important role in biomedical applications. Its model incorporates the influence of transverse magnetic field (magnetohydrodynamics or MHD), suction, and heat radiation, conditions that produce realistic conditions of hyperthermia as an alternative cancer treatment method and of targeted drug delivery. Nanoparticles of BN, TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 are very thermally conductive and biocompatible and thus their use would enhance heat conduction in the bio-thermal systems. Through similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are simplified into nonlinear ordinary ones which can be solved numerically via the Numerical solution of Boundary value problems l1 built in MATLAB named as bvp4c. This paper tallies significance of significant dimensionless quantities like Maxwell relaxation time , magnetic parameter and suction parameter , nanoparticle volume fractions and the permeability of a porous medium.. The findings demonstrate that when the concentration of the nanoparticle triplet is augmented, the thermal conductivity and temperature distribution of the hybrid nanofluid also enhances largely. Application of a magnetic field would result into Lorentz forces, which suppress the flow speed and enhance heating along the boundary layer. The surface suction contributes to the sustenance of the thermal boundary layer which causes the controlled and localized conveyance of heat. In addition, viscoelastic nature of the Maxwell fluid influences the flow resistance which could be manipulated in order to achieve maximum heat handling within the biomedical systems. The comprehensive study is devoted to synergistic effects of ternary nanoparticles, non Newtonian fluid behaviour, and magnetothermal dynamics. The results hold an interesting meaning to the creation and setup of enhanced nanofluid based biomedical devices on tumor hyperthermia, focused drug delivery systems, and perfect chilled systems in clinical practice.

Keywords: Maxwell ternary hybrid nanofluid, BN TiO₂–Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, biomedical porous systems, magnetic field effects, blood-based coolant, thermal transport enhancement