Development and Characterization of Biodegradable Food Packaging Films Based on Starch and Plant Extracts

Abstract

Growing environmental concerns over plastic waste have accelerated the search for biodegradable and renewable packaging alternatives. This research focuses on the development of starch-based biodegradable films reinforced with bioactive plant extracts to enhance mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties. Biopolymer films were prepared using the solution casting technique with varying ratios of starch, glycerol, and plant extract concentrations. The films were characterized for tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapor permeability, and optical transparency. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were conducted to investigate microstructural and molecular interactions. Incorporation of phenolic-rich plant extracts significantly improved the film’s antioxidant and antimicrobial potential against foodborne pathogens, while maintaining flexibility and transparency. The developed films demonstrated promising potential as active and eco-friendly packaging materials for extending the shelf life of perishable food products, aligning with sustainable food technology goals.