Understanding the Role of Religion: Analyzing Durkheim, Marx and Islamic Perspectives

Abstract

This study examines the role of religion in society by analyzing the perspectives of Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, juxtaposing them with the Islamic viewpoint. The study uses an analytical approach and examines the theories of Durkheim and Marx while drawing on the Holy Quran, Hadith and Seerah to illustrate how Islam contributes to the discussion of religion and society. Durkheim and Marx analyzed religion in the context of societal transformations and their theories laid the foundation for further debates in social sciences and religious studies. The study concludes that the Islamic perspective on religion aligns neither fully with Durkheim’s functionalist view nor with Marx’s critique of religion as an opiate of the masses. Islam, however, takes a middle ground by recognizing religion as a means of social cohesion and a catalyst for social transformation.